Internet Culture Essay Example

Web Culture Paper BA Humanities Media and Society It is difficult to comprehend the term culture. What is culture? Is it a lifestyle, is it a gathering of shared interests that brings a network of people together or is it an idealistic dream, an innovation made by the people pulling the strings who oversee society to assist with teaming up interests in an organized simple to screen way? Culture is characterized from numerous points of view. It is said that societies are maps of importance through which the world is made intelligible1, however whatever the genuine significance of the word Culture, Raymond Williams was directly in proposing that Culture is one of the most confounded words in the human language2: Culture is one of the a few most confused words in the English language. This is so incompletely in view of its multifaceted recorded improvement { } yet principally in light of the fact that it has now come to be utilized for significant ideas in a few unmistakable scholarly trains and in a few particular and contradictory frameworks of thought3. Culture has become the absolute opposite of present day times. We will compose a custom article test on Internet Culture explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Internet Culture explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Internet Culture explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Its significance is so huge and unbelievable that it would be hard to assuage a whole article on its importance and reach any front yearned resolution. Culture has an alternate importance to various individuals and it is this paradigmatic multifaceted nature that permits the word to place dread into anybody endeavoring to break down its pith. Notwithstanding, on the off chance that you put a main word, a word that characterizes teaches inside a particular culture, the term out of nowhere gets recognizable. Oral Culture, Print Culture, Popular Culture and what we are endeavoring to comprehend inside this exploration, Internet Culture starts to have an all the more clear and compact significance. The very idea of the words related and connected to the term culture take into account an increasingly characteristic similarity to affiliation. When a word has been connected with the gigantic span of the term culture, the embodiment and importance of an undertaking, for example, portraying what you comprehend by the term Internet Culture turns out to be fundamentally simpler to process and understand. Inside the accompanying exploration I will endeavor to portray what I comprehend of the term Internet Culture and to address a portion of the key basic inquiries being posed about the development towards the Internet Revolution4. For the premise of consistency, I will isolate the content into what I feel are the key basic issues that are being addressed in regards to Internet Culture, starting with the definition that I accept embodies the term Internet Culture. As there are an incredible measure of issues that are being addressed I have picked two key ideas that I feel are of significance in regards to the development and support of a culture that is virtual generally. The principle basic issues that I will audit are:â Can you have a virtual community?â How will Internet Culture influence the data Have and Have Nots? Nonetheless, before we go any further it is basic that we translate what I accept and comprehend by the term Internet Culture. A contemporary side interest or fixation has been the compartmentalisation of periods in reality or ages that relate explicitly to how society and the occupants of society convey. Scholars have had the option to feature various moves in the manner a general public imparts that has prompted various parts of social personality being embraced. It is sheltered to recommend that the essential connection between shifting social orders and societies are the way that they convey and cooperate, as the comprehension of a typical language reinforces a network, similarly as an absence of comprehension can likewise isolate and exclude. One of the first ages to be characterized was the Primary Oral Culture, a culture that imparted distinctly by discourse with no composed content or writing present. Oral Culture was transiently biased5, it depended intensely on folklore and legend just as service and memorisation so as to rise above importance and keep a feeling of social character alive6. It very well may be said that Oral Culture established the frameworks for the development of culture and society through contrasting correspondence media. The Primary Oral Culture prompted Print Culture and afterward Visual Culture and to the age, which contemporary western social orders are intended to occupy, that of Internet Culture. Since Oral Culture every single other culture have incorporated a central part of the oral society7. We live in a dominatingly word based condition, one of discourse and hearing a universe of sound8, in any case, the intelligent medium that Internet Culture uses is maybe the main medium that combines every single customary method of communication9. Web Culture is the age that contemporary society has started to occupy, in any case, it can likewise be a liquid and complex medium that has numerous social implications with minimal social comprehension. Web Culture can't be as handily related and connected to past details of culture that society has become used to. David Porter gives a translation of what Internet Culture is and the wandered feeling of social importance that the Internet obtains: If the Internet can be comprehended as the website of any culture whatsoever, it isn't, apparent, culture in the sense both of an elitist enclave or of a homogeneous social circle. The way of life that the Net epitomizes, rather, is a produce of the curious states of virtual associate that win on the web, an aggregate adjustment of the high recurrence of unknown, test, and in any event, brief experiences natural to any individual who has wandered into a newsgroup banter. 10 It is subsequently hard to determine what Internet Culture is and it is similarly hard to give a clarification of another medium with such a substantial social centrality. The Internet is changing the manner in which society conveys, however this is definitely not another or contemporary thought. Erla Zwingle sets up the development of society and convention when he attests that Goods move, individuals move, thoughts move and societies change11. It is this that has the social centrality in a constantly liquid condition like the Internet. In any case, how much the social essentialness has influenced society and social invasion is at this stage absolutely theoretical with no predictable method of checking the impacts that the Internet has. As we enter the 21st century electronic media have become a basic part of western social orders day by day lives. We use PCs since they are simple, they get us time and they give us diversion. Web Culture is an expansion of the visual picture that soaks our regular day to day existences.

Requirements for an Effective and Efficient HR Professionals Essay

Prerequisites for an Effective and Efficient HR Professionals - Essay Example In this paper, the four concentric circles of HR demonstrable skill, for example, overseeing self, overseeing in gatherings or groups, overseeing upward, and overseeing over the association are investigated. As an additional worth donor, Farnham counts the abilities and information required in overseeing HR. To begin with, inside and out information on an organization’s system, â€Å"performance objectives and drivers, and the part wherein they work† including the outer setting that can influence business activity including the market factors, for example, demography, clients, contenders, and globalization. Along these lines, HR experts ought to be comfortable with the â€Å"language† of the business activity in enabling HR to use their potential in business achievement. Next is wide cognizance of the 10 expert regions. At that point, investigating the nearby and global law on â€Å"access significant work and discrimination† inside their locale. The polit ical and financial variables are the outer and interior powers that initiate business execution and making system and plans relevant to battle them. They should structure support through assessing the capacities and â€Å"resourcing levels† of HR procedure. In conclusion, they should apply benchmarking system to gain from the disappointment of different associations and foresee answers for issues. In the wake of detailing the methodology, bits of knowledge, and arrangements, the subsequent zone is driving and dealing with the HR work. The CIPD requires a HR expert to be learned in driving, connecting with, and adjusting individuals to various development to convey the key arrangement at the fitting time. The third zone is association plan wherein HR must guarantee that employees’ abilities and capabilities coordinate the activity assignment to achieve organizations’ present moment and long haul objectives, and the basic structure of the inward and outer conditio n â€Å"fit in the present and future hierarchical technique.

Blog Archive University of Pennsylvania (Wharton) Essay Analysis, 20122013

Blog Archive University of Pennsylvania (Wharton) Essay Analysis, 2012â€"2013 Harvard Business School (HBS) made a splash this application season by introducing a reduced essay count, and then Wharton… keeps its essay count exactly the same but reduces the total word count across all of its essays by 100 words (even though they add 100 words for essay 1). Is that some kind of reaction to HBS’s adjustment? We doubt it, given that this is really just a minor change in the grand scheme of things. This year, applicants to Wharton must write a standard career essay and then choose two other essay topics from among three options thereafter. Our analysis follows… Required Question: How will a Wharton MBA help you achieve your professional objectives? (400 words) Wharton previously asked a very similar question but gave candidates only 300 words with which to respond and did not explicitly ask candidates to discuss the school specifically. This season, Wharton is asking applicants to identify broad career goals and reveal how the school will be a crucial part of achieving those goals. You do not need to fawn and sing Wharton’s praises for your essay to be effective, however. Instead, you should show that you understand the specific resources that Wharton provides that relate directly to your stated career aspirations and that you have a plan in mind for using these resources to transform yourself into the professional you need to become. Simple as that. Because Personal Statements are similar from one application to the next, we have produced the  mbaMission Personal Statement Guide,  which helps applicants write this style of essay for any school. We offer this guide to candidates  free of charge. Please feel free to download your copy today. And for a thorough exploration of Wharton’s academic program/merits, defining characteristics, important statistics, social life, academic environment and more, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guide to the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Respond to two of the following three questions: 1. Select a Wharton MBA course, co-curricular opportunity or extra-curricular engagement that you are interested in. Tell us why you chose this activity and how it connects to your interests. (500 words) Although this essay provides another opportunity for you to reveal just how much you know about Wharton (and thus reveal your “fit” with its MBA program), this essay is still fundamentally about you and your interests/passions. For some reason, though, many applicants tend to feel obligated to respond to an essay prompt like this by discussing a professional talent or skill and relating it to a course at the schoolâ€"and such essays run the risk of being painfully dull! Wharton definitely does not want to know that you have a skill that is a prerequisite of your position â€" maybe if a unique professional experience lurks behind your title (you are a currency trader for a hedge fund and have done a priori research in a country off the beaten path and can relate that experience to your interest in and contribution to a political economy course) you can discuss it, but the burden for this type of experience is clearly high. With this question, Wharton is indicating that it wants to get to know you as a person, so do not be afraid to reveal your human interests. You can use this essay to reveal your distinctiveness and show not only that you can make a valuable contribution at the school but also that you fully understand how you will make that contribution. In 500 words, you should be able to provide appropriate context for the passion you choose to discuss and to then relate it to the school’s resources, thereby revealing your intimate knowledge of those resources. We recommend that you avoid overtly starting your essay with a statement like “I am interested in the Wharton Follies because…” Instead, consider telling a story about how that interest developed and then relate it specifically (in this case) to the Follies. In this way, you will better give the admissions committee a sense of who you will be on campus. 2. Imagine your work obligations for the afternoon were cancelled and you found yourself “work free” for three hours, what would you do? (500 words) In some ways, this essay prompt is similar to the previous one, only it eliminates the need to discuss Wharton’s resources and allows you to focus exclusively on yourself. Let us revisit the example we introduced in our analysis of the first essay option in this section: a candidate who is an amateur stand-up comedian might write about his/her interest in being involved with the Follies for the previous essay, but for this essay, he/she might discuss using this unexpected free time to practice his/her material and find a local open-mic opportunity for that afternoon. In truth, the kind of activity you discuss is basically irrelevant, so long as it is not contrary to the school’s values. Instead, what is important is that you show that you have an extraordinary passion for a particular activity and that that activity can manifest itself in a compelling way. 3. “Knowledge for Action draws upon the great qualities that have always been evident at Wharton: rigorous research, dynamic thinking, and thoughtful leadership.” â€" Thomas S. Robertson, Dean, The Wharton School. Tell us about a time when you put knowledge into action. (500 words) Quoting the dean is always a curious ploy by the admissions committeeâ€"perhaps it is trying to give him/her some level of star power or show the committees respect for him? Regardless, the quote here is really just a “red herring,” as they say. The key to an effective essay response to this prompt is showing how you put knowledge into action in your lifeâ€"and you do not need to make an explicit connection to education to do so, like, “I took a class on marketing and then I implemented a marketing campaign.” Instead, you will need to show how you have acquired knowledge (through observation, listening, trial and error, etc.) and then used that knowledge to bring about a desired result. A successful essay will demonstrate a clear cause-and-effect relationship between how you applied your learnings and the results achieved. Do not be tempted to recycle a “leadership” essay you wrote for another schoolâ€"you must show a direct connection between your thoughts, your actions and the ultimate reaction. Share ThisTweet 2012-2013 MBA Essay Analysis University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)

Black Americans Receive A Stricter Punishment Than White...

Without a doubt, black men in the United States continue to be excessively â€Å"incarcerated, policed, and sentenced to death at significantly higher rates than their white counterparts (Kerby 2).† Portrayals in the media have depicted black men as thugs and common criminals; these negative stereotypes demoralize men of color and allow society to believe and internalize this destructive thinking. The racial disparities that exist in the criminal justice system are an indirect consequence of the portrayals of African American men that circulate in society. Because of racial disparities that occur in the United States it consequently threatens communities of color by â€Å"disenfranchising thousands by limiting voting rights and denying equal access to employment, housing, public benefits, and education to millions more (Kerby 2).† Two professors from the University of British Columbia and the University of Michigan Law School, M. Marit Rehavi and Sonja B. Starr recently conducted a study that confirms that Black Americans receive a stricter punishment than White Americans. According to the study â€Å"Black Americans receive almost sixty percent longer prison sentences than white Americans who committed the same crime (NewsOne 1).† Dr. Rehavi and Dr. Starr gathered their data from fifty-eight thousand federal criminal cases and determined that the sentences that Black people received varied significantly from those given White people (NewsOne 2). Assistant Professor of Economics Dr.Show MoreRelatedFelony Disenfranchisement And Its Effects On The State Of Residency843 Words   |  4 Pageson which convicted felons are not allowed to vote. The United States’ disenfranchisement law places drastic effects on felons in their state of residency by preventing them from voting. English colonists brought disenfranchisement to America as a punishment for felons’ criminal behavior. 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Some of these problems have been resolved, while others still exist today. Around the 1870’s, one of the challenges in American education was just getting kids to school. According to Erin McCarthy, in her article 11 Ways School Was Different in the 1800s, some kids were too busy working, and they couldn t come to school because their families needed them to harvest cropsRead MoreStop Closing Our Eyes to Discrimination and Prejuduce876 Words   |  4 Pages Prejudice and discrimination is something that happens a lot more often than we would like to admit. To be prejudiced, means to have negative perspectives for others, solely based on their membership in a group, such as religion, sex, and color. Discrimination cannot take place without prejudice, f or the reason that, it is the behaviors that result from those negative perspectives. It is unethical, and in some cases, illegal. However, although there are laws for discrimination, that does not stopRead MoreBlack Man Who Was Suspected As The Killer Of A White Off Duty Police Officer Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesTroy Davis, a black man who was suspected as the killer of a white off-duty police officer, was executed in 2011 with insufficient evidence in the state of Georgia (Bedau). There was no physical evidence or weapon presented in the prosecution and so they had to base their judgement all from eyewitness (Bedau). His execution raised an â€Å"international outcry† due to seven out of nine eyewitnesses contradicted their trial testimony and many of them confessed that they felt pressured or threatened byRead MoreRacial Disparities Of The United States Justice System3104 Words   |  13 Pagesspecifically African Americans, being arrested, receiving harsher sentence s, and being incarcerated more frequently than Whites. As of 2008, African Americans comprised 13% of the general population, yet made up 38% of prison and jail inmates. Latinos comprised 15% of the general population, and 19% of the prison and jail population. An African American male born in 2001 has a 32% chance of spending time in prison at some point in his life, compared to 17% for a Latino male and 6% for a white male. AfricanRead MoreJuvenile Justice System Based On Their Race, Gender, And Social Class Essay2585 Words   |  11 Pagesmore harshly than others due to aspects about themselves that are out of their control. Doing further research into the juvenile justice system and how it is structured to help certain youths while neglecting others, it is clear that the treatment of minority youths is entirely unjust and that a reform of this system is, without question, necessary, not only to maintain an even and fair justice system for juveniles, but also to help these m inority youths strive in their lifetime rather than fall victimRead MoreCivil Liberties Movement : Black Lives Matter Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesThere seems to be a growing trend of civil liberties movements, from the widely outspoken Black Lives Matter to the newly introduced Blue Lives Matter movement, and is causing quite a stir as a whole. There are many who argue that an attack on any law enforcement official, ranging from police officers to firefighters, should be considered as something more than just an attack on a law enforcement official. 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The townspeople believe that her punishment should be to wear the letter A on her clothing so she and the town can remember her sin. Her daughter name is Pearl. Hester will not reveal with whom she had the affair with. The reverend named Dimmesdale is the father of Pearl, but he hides the

Texas State University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores

Texas State University is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 78%. Located in San Marcos, a small city between Austin and San Antonio, Texas State was established in 1899. The school is comprised of a 457-acre main campus and over 5,000 additional acres that support recreation, instruction, farming, and ranching. Students can choose from 93 bachelors degree programs and a similar number of graduate degree programs. The university has a 20-to-1  student/faculty ratio. On the athletic front, the Texas State Bobcats compete in the NCAA Division I Southland Conference. The university fields 14 Division I teams and competes in the  Sun Belt Conference. Considering applying to Texas State University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including SAT/ACT scores of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Texas State University had an acceptance rate of 78%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 78 students were admitted, making Texas States admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 24,793 Percent Admitted 78% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 31% SAT Scores and Requirements Texas State University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 74% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 510 600 Math 500 580 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Texas States admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Texas State scored between 510 and 600, while 25% scored below 510 and 25% scored above 600. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 500 and 580, while 25% scored below 500 and 25% scored above 580. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1180 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Texas State. Requirements Texas State recommends, but does not require, the SAT writing section. Note that Texas State does not superscore SAT results; your highest composite SAT score will be considered. ACT Scores and Requirements Texas State University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 25% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 19 25 Math 18 24 Composite 20 26 This admissions data tells us that most of Texas States admitted students fall within the top 49% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Texas State received a composite ACT score between 20 and 26, while 25% scored above 26 and 25% scored below 20. Requirements Note that Texas State does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. Texas State recommends, but does not require, the ACT writing section. GPA Texas State University does not provide data about admitted students high school GPAs. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Texas State University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Texas State University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Texas State University, which accepts over three-quarters of applicants, has a slightly selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores, class rank, and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. However, Texas State is interested in more than test scores and GPAs. The university uses the ApplyTexas application which requires information about your high school coursework, leadership, special talents, and  extracurricular activities. The admissions office wants to see that you have taken  challenging college preparatory classes, including four years of English, math, and science; three years of social science; two years of a foreign language; and one year each of fine arts and physical education, with an upward trend in grades. Applicants should also consider including an optional application essay,  letters of recommendation, and resume to boost their application. The university offers Assured Admission to students who meet certain criteria. Students who attend an accredited public or private high school and rank in the top 10% of their class will be admitted to Texas State with no minimum SAT or ACT score requirements. Those students who rank in the top 25% of their class and achieve a minimum composite SAT score of 1000 or ACT score of 20 are also offered assured admission at Texas State. Applicants with a lower class rank can also be admitted under this program if they have slightly higher composite SAT or ACT scores. Students who dont automatically qualify for assured admission through their class rank and test scores can still qualify through a review process that considers other factors including an  application essay. In the scattergram above, the blue and green dots represent students who were accepted to Texas State. Most had SAT scores (ERWM) of 950 or higher, an ACT composite score of 18 or higher, and a high school average of B or better. Grades and test scores above these lower ranges will improve your chances, and you can see that a significant number of admitted students had grades in the A range. If Youre Interested in Texas State University, You May Also Like These Schools Texas A M UniversityUniversity of HoustonTexas Tech UniversityBaylor UniversityUniversity of Texas - AustinUniversity of OklahomaTexas Christian University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Texas State University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Video Marketing Campaign Site ( 1250 Word Equivalent )

Part 1: Marketing sites (50% of assignment 2 grade) Part 1 Option 1: Video marketing campaign site (1250 word equivalent) URL = Talking Head Hello, are you looking for the latest games, HD videos, music, and memorabilia? That is always a daunting task to do by yourself when we are here and ready to serve you. We are a U.K based company that specializes in selling video games, both latest and all-time favourites that will always leave you wanting for more. Additionally, we have a range of memorabilia that you can order anytime and we will deliver in no time because we know what each means to you. We pride ourselves in provision of quality and timely services to our clients. Our two years’ experience in this business has enabled us to†¦show more content†¦We also have a quick dispute solution panel that is always on stand by to ensure you get what you ordered and any issue resulting from the transaction is finalized in good time, because your satisfaction is our success. You can reach us through the contact us button to enable us serve you better. Thank you for watching and we look forward to hear from you soon. The next time you order any of our products, please use this coupon code VH6TR as a special gift from our company for watching the video. Thank you. Script Video Audio Company logo set in motion clearly showing the business name {Soft and deep voice}greeting the audience â€Å"Hello, welcoming them by pre-empting their possible needs† 0.24 A display of company list of services such as latest game covers, video, music, memorabilia and caters all set in a quick succession that allow the audience to get all the relevant information {Classic music playing on the background} An accompanying voice description on the background of the content shown. Audible enough but not too loud to overshadow the music. 0.30 Images detailing why us set in motion, showing a preview of some of our distinctive products {the music continues } 0.16 Images of a team of employees on their computers illustrating a commitment to serve customers on time {Cue

Exercise 4 Endocrine System Physiology Essay Example For Students

Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology Essay Hormones and Metabolism Activity 1: Determining the Baseline Metabolic Rates 1. Which rat had the fastest baseline metabolic rate? Normal rate 2. Why did the metabolic rates differ? Because of the different organs that were removed from the two other rats that would produce certain hormones 3. If an animal has been thyroidectomized, what hormone(s) would be missing from its blood? thyroxine 4. As a result of the missing hormone(s), what would the overall effect on the body and metabolism be? Thyroxine wouldn’t be released which helps maintain metabolism and body. So 5. How could you treat a thyroidectomized animal so that it functioned like a â€Å"normal† animal? I would assume giving it shots of thyroxine or t4, of course by measuring weight and figuring out exactly the right amount to keep it established. 6. If an animal has been hypophysectomized, what effect would you expect to see in the hormone levels in its body? The hormone levels would also be lowered 7. What would be the effect of a hypophysectomy on the metabolism of an animal? Metabolism would drop Activity 2: Determining the Effect of Thyroxine on Metabolic Rate 1. What was the effect of thyroxine on the normal rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the normal rat’s baseline metabolic rate? The metabolic rate went up, and was higher then the normal baseline 2. Why was this effect seen? Because it already has thyroxin and when you add more of it then it goes even quicker. 3. What was the effect of thyroxine on the thyroidectomized rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the thyroidectomized rat’s baseline metabolic rate? It raised the rate, even though it wasn’t as high as the baseline one, it still help to try and balance it out 4. Why was this effect seen? Metabolic rate was raised to try and reach normal rates even though still lower then the baseline. It has its pituitary gland so some hormones are there. 5. What was the effect of thyroxine on the hypophysectomized rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the hypophysectomized rat’s baseline metabolic rate? Raised the metabolic rate but not as high as the thyroidectomized or normal rats. 6. Why was this effect seen? This rat has its thyroid but no pituitary gland so it’s the lowest on metabolic rate. Activity 3: Determining the Effect of TSH on Metabolic Rate . What was the effect of TSH on the normal rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the normal rat’s baseline metabolic rate? The metabolic rate went way up there, the rate of the baseline was a lot lower. 2. Why was this effect seen? Because TSH cause the thyroid to produce more thyroxine 3. What was the effect of TSH on the thyroidectomized rat’s metab olic rate? How does it compare to the thyroidectomized rat’s baseline metabolic rate? Metabolic rate didn’t really go up, it was little above the baseline. TSH, wouldn’t be very effective without a thyroid to stimulate 4. Why was this effect seen? No thyroid to stimulate 5. What was the effect of TSH on the hypophysectomized rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the hypophysectomized rat’s baseline metabolic rate? The metabolic rate went up, was higher then thyroidectomized rat, but little lower then the normal rat. Its trying to level out to what would be normal. 6. Why was this effect seen? Metabolism is the same because its not exactly right but at least the right hormones to try and level it out. Activity 4: Determining the Effect of Propylthiouracil on Metabolic Rate . What was the effect of propylthiouracil on the normal rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the normal rat’s baseline metabolic rate? It slowed down the metabolic rate compared to the normal baseline 2. Why was this effect seen? Propylthiouracial inhibits the production of thyroxine 3. What was the effect of propylthiouracil on the thyroidectomized rat’s metabolic rate? How does it c ompare to the thyroidectomized rat’s baseline metabolic rate? It slowed it down but not as much as the normal rat 4. Why was this effect seen? .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b , .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b .postImageUrl , .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b , .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b:hover , .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b:visited , .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b:active { border:0!important; } .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b:active , .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u549fdb85511526c8aee09b1270c9de0b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Culture shock EssayThyroidectomized rat is not effected as much because it is missing thyroid 5. What was the effect of propylthiouracil on the hypophysectomized rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the hypophysectomized rat’s baseline metabolic rate? Didnt see to much of an effect overall. 6. Why was this effect seen? It didn’t have anything to effect since it had the important parts that would be affected removed. Hormone Replacement Therapy Activity 5: Hormone Replacement Therapy 1. T score (control): -2. 61 2. T score (estrogen): -2 3. T score (calcitonin): -2. 5 4. What effect did the administration of estrogen injections have on the estrogen-treated rat? The estrogen treated rat was able to get into the ranges of just bone thinning which suggests the estrogen injections were helping. 5. What effect did the administration of calcitonin injections have on the calcitonin-treated rat? The injection helped a little but still has osteoporosis while estrogen shots seem to help out better in the long run. Insulin and Diabetes Activity 7: Measuring Fasting Plasma Glucose 1. Sample 1: glucose concentration of 104 mg/deciliter. 2. Sample 2: glucose concentration of 118 mg/deciliter. 3. Sample 3: glucose concentration of 133 mg/deciliter. 4. Sample 4: glucose concentration of 123 mg/deciliter. 5. Sample 5: glucose concentration of 143 mg/deciliter. 6. For which patient(s) were the fasting plasma glucose reading(s) in the normal range? Sample 1 7. For which patient(s) were the fasting plasma glucose reading(s) in the diabetic range? Samples 3 5 8. For which patient(s) were the fasting plasma glucose reading(s) in the impaired range? Samples 2 4 9. What recommendations would you make to a patient with an impaired FPG value who also tested in the impaired range with the oral glucose tolerance test? They are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and I would suggest keeping an eye on this, even following a diet to try to keep it in check. 10. Patient 3 is pregnant; how might this change the diagnosis? They may have gestational diabetes. 11. What recommendations would you make to this patient? To keep on a strict diet until they have their baby. Activity 8: Measuring Cortisol and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone 1. Patient 1: Cortisol: 2. 0 mcg/dL 2. High or Low? Low 3. Patient 1: ACTH: 18. 10 pg/ml 4. High or Low? low 5. Patient 2: Cortisol: 36. 35 mcg/dL 6. High or Low? high 7. Patient : ACTH: 12. 16 pg/ml 8. High or Low? low 9. Patient 3: Cortisol: 43. 28 mcg/dL 10. High or Low? high 11. Patient 3: ACTH: 83. 28 pg/ml 12. High or Low? high 13. Patient 4: Cortisol: 2. 68 mcg/dL 14. High or Low? low 15. Patient 4: ACTH: 101. 67 pg/ml 16. High or Low? high 17. Patient 5: Cortisol: 49. 94 mcg/dL 18. High or Low? high 19. Patient 5: ACTH: 18. 48 pg/ml 20. High or Low? low

Attitudes To Marriage In Romeo And Juliet Essay Example

Attitudes To Marriage In Romeo And Juliet Essay Our modern day attitudes to marriage differ greatly from the Elizabethan attitudes that are displayed in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Most noticeably is the fact that Paris went to Capulet to ask for Juliets hand in marriage before he even approached Juliet, something that happens very rarely, if ever, nowadays. I think the main reason for the difference in marriage between Shakespeares time and modern day is that women now have a lot more rights and say in their life than then. This is most noticeable in the way that Capulet decides, after Tybalts death, that it would be in Juliets best interests to marry Paris, in what seems to be the act of a loving father trying to make his daughter happy. But when Lady Capulet tells Juliet that she will Marry (Paris), my child, early next Thursday morn, Lord Capulet having decided who to and when without consulting Juliet. The fact that marriage is even thought for Juliet, who is a girl of only 13 or 14 years old is in sharp contrast with today, as it is not legal to get married until you are 16 in Britain and in a recent MORI survey just over half the people surveyed believed that the best age for a man and woman to get married is mid-late twenties. We will write a custom essay sample on Attitudes To Marriage In Romeo And Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Attitudes To Marriage In Romeo And Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Attitudes To Marriage In Romeo And Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The reasoning for getting married so young was due to the fact that the life expectancy in Elizabethan times was much shorter. When Capulet appears after Juliet having said no to the proposed marriage, Lady Capulet says, in fear of her violent husband, an unthinkable statement for a mother nowadays, I would the fool were married to her grave. I think this statement illustrates the power of wealthy fathers at the time that a mother says that she would rather her daughter were dead than for her to disagree with Capulets wishes. When Lord Capulet hears of what is considered Juliets disobedience, but what would considered her right if she was living now, he shows his true colours and becomes extremely threatening and violent. He verbally abuses Juliet calling her a mistress minion and a green-sickness carrion. He then threatens Juliet that if she does not do as he wishes, and marries Paris, he would let her hang, beg, starve, die in the streets but he would not acknowledge thee. This was a very serious threat to Juliet as if her father was to disown her she would be forced to live out on the streets as a prostitute as no man would marry her and she would therefore have no means of support or money. Another big difference between love and marriage in Romeo and Juliet and now is the idea of courtly love. This was a set way that the upper class should behave in relation to love and what we would call dating. It is a European tradition that originated in the Middle Ages and was still popular in the 16th Century. We see this displayed in Romeos obsession with Rosaline, he falls for a Capulet, someone unattainable. He then goes around depressed and talking in riddles and rhymes about his love for her that do not make any sense. His passion for her is only greatened by her show of disinterest in him, he continues in this vain until he meets Juliet and he experiences true love. This practise is totally unheard of in modern times and would seem to us as absurd, as nowadays if a woman was to act disinterested the man would more than likely loss interest in her and concentrate his attentions on someone else. The last major difference in attitudes to marriage between the Elizabethans and us is the way in which the Catholic Church approaches marriage. Friar Lawrence, who seems to be the equivalent to a modern day parish priest as he is the one who both Romeo and Juliet go to for confessions, agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet without their parents consent. This action would not only seem ludicrous nowadays but at Romeo and Juliets age it is also illegal. He also does not tell them to go away and think about it or to consider what a big step they were about to take. Now the church have premarital courses for engaged couples to make sure that they are definitely ready to get married and also couples nowadays get married a lot longer after they get engaged in contrast with the 16th Century. Although Friar Lawrences actions may have been affected by his hope that this was a chance to end the feud between the Capulets and the Montagues and the fact that he could be remembered for being the one who brought the two families together. We can see that he is thinking of this when he says For this alliance may so prove to turn your households rancour to pure love. The play also addresses the fact that the pair of star-crossed lovers only achieved their aim of being together truly, when they died in each others arms. This asks the question does true love only come with death, this can be backed up with the fact that their death brought peace to their feuding families, a case of love, brought about by death, defeated a hate that went back longer than anyone could remember. In conclusion marriage in Shakespeares time was very different to marriage today in three main ways; the age that you get married, the reasons for getting married and whether or not you choose whom you marry. I think the reason for this is that women are treated as equals now and are not socially and financially dependant on men their fathers or their partners, so they can choose whom they marry and when they marry. But the most important difference now is that people can choose to marry the one they love and not the one who will support them or who their father deems to be right.

6 Scientific Tips for Getting a Pay Raise

6 Scientific Tips for Getting a Pay Raise By being familiar with a few scientifically and psychologically based tips, you can ask for that raise with no fear, even at times when raises are not being offered. Look at What Your Position PaysIf you are being underpaid for your job description, it is not unreasonable to ask for a raise in salary. Include education and years of experience to see if you are getting paid within that range. If not, maybe it’s time to ask for a raise.Ask for a Raise In the MorningSkip your breakfast and ask for your raise in the morning. University studies show that an individual is more driven to ask for something if he or she is hungry. According to one psychologist, people are more moral in the mornings. However, wait until your boss has had his morning coffee and has gone through his morning tasks. A psychotherapist in New York suggests that if your boss is accustomed to having a drink at lunch, wait until afterward.What Days to Ask for a RaiseMondays are obviously out. Your boss is facing work that may have piled up over the weekend and has the entire week to get through. You are better off asking for a raise toward the end of the week when he may be looking forward to the weekend.Asking Toward the Weekend May Not Work for EveryoneBusinesses that operate seven days a week or where the boss is busiest in the morning may preclude asking for a raise at this time. In this case, wait until the boss is in a good mood before asking, perhaps after a business deal has been carried through successfully.Statistics Give You the Good NewsAccording to statistics compiled by Payscale, 75 percent of workers who requested a raise received an increase in pay. While 44 percent were given the amount they asked for, another 31 percent received less but were still granted a raise.What to Do if the Boss Says NoSuppose you don’t get the answer you were hoping for during your meeting with your boss. Now is perhaps the time to ask what you can do to improve your work or the reason for the refusal. However, stay polite and do not make demands. Pay attention if your boss makes suggestions and carry them out, so the next time you ask for a raise you might receive a positive response.

Essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

2 - Essay Example Initially I did not take them seriously but eventually this became a daily affair. One day I was even humiliated in front of many patients and was occasionally made the laughing stock. I chose to stay mum on the subject and never reported it to my parents or friends. The abusing in the hospitals grew up day by day and one fine day I was seriously abused in front of one of my junior colleagues. Unable to gulp down the humiliation, I decided to report the instance to the HR manager but he said he was more interested in other important issues and advised me to handle these petty issues on my own. I was totally depressed and started having sleepless nights; I was so annoyed that I sometimes became rude to the patients. Due to this I used to have high blood pressure and as a result I took leave from work quite frequently. I also took leaves with pay cuts just for the reason that I did not want to face those group of bullying nurses. The things started taking a turn for the worse as my mentor came to know about my complaint to the HR manager. As revenge the entire group made up a falsified case against me for which I had no fault. I was reprimanded before the entire staff and humiliated badly. This was the last straw to break the camel’s back and I decided to resign from the job. This decision was extremely painful for me as it meant destroying a dream which I had nurtured as a child. My extent of frustration was so much that I decided to leave this profession forever and joined a lower paid job as a clerk in another organisation. Workplace bullying is often described in the nursing literature as a phenomenon which attracts considerable attention all over the world. Workplace relations have shown profound effects towards the physical health, mental health and the general well being of the employees. It has also been found that nurses who have been exposed to

Potential liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Potential liability - Essay Example Since it was its interest being served at the time of the accident, Mr. Cheatum can claim that it is liable being an employer of its Agentm, Dawn. As to Dawn, she can claim that she was not negligent in her driving. That it was Mr. Cheatum who was at fault. She can claim that she was driving in the prescribed speed limit and was on the right lane and that the accident was due in fact to the negligent act of Mr. Cheatum. As to Fast As We Can Deliver, it can claim that it has exercised diligent in hiring and supervising its employee, Dawn. That the strict liability clause, or the respondeat superior or the vicarious liability clause will not apply to him since at the time of the accident, Dawn has already finished her shift. Hence, she was not at work when the accident happened. As to DNA lab, it should not be held liable since there was no employer-employee relationship between them because Dawn was not an employee of the lab but an employee of FAST. The vicarious liability will not apply to them. "Auto Accident Injury Due to Vicarious Liability". (n.d.) Retrieved from website: http://www.caraccidentattorneys.com/resources/auto-accident/fault-in-car-accidents/vicarious-liability-owner-driver.htm. Accessed on June 14,

Religion and Animal Rights Essay Example for Free

Religion and Animal Rights Essay Speciesism – Discrimination in favour of one species, usually the human species, over another, especially in the exploitation or mistreatment of animals by humans. Sentient – Able to feel pain; conscious through the senses. Shallow ecology preserving the environment to the extent that it benefits human beings. (This is an anthropocentric view of ecology – human centred). Deep ecology Giving all life respect and value – caring for all of nature, not just the aspects of nature which benefit human beings. Dominionism Judeo-Christian idea that human beings have a special place in the natural world; they are given the power to rule over it (as overseers) in behalf of its creator, God. Stewardship – Judeo-Christian idea that human beings have a special responsibility for the natural world (and indeed all other areas of responsibility such as other people, their money and possessions) acting as caretakers on God’s behalf. Autonomy – Free will, able to self-govern. Deontological – Duty led approach. Emphasis on the act itself in determining moral righteousness. Inaugurated eschatology The kingdom of God was started/established in the agapeistic life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and continues in the life of the church, but will be fulfilled after bodily death in heaven. Realised eschatology The kingdom of God is here and now on earth, through agape and the life of the church. Futuristic Eschatology: The Kingdom of God will come in the future – after bodily death, resurrection (bodily or spiritual) in heaven. Vivisection – Experimenting on animals. Instrumentalist approach – A pragmatic (practical) approach that says an action should be taken in order to achieve an active solution to a problem. Mutate – Change, transform (e.g. as part of the process of evolution). Immutability – Unable to change (e.g. from species to species). Commodification – To turn into and treat as a commodity – an article suitable for trading/buying and selling. Scholars Aristotle – Identified the hierarchy of being placing human beings above animals. Augustine – Human beings are superior to animals as human beings are rational, being made in the image and likeness of God, Genesis 1:26. Aquinas – Influenced by Aritotle – â€Å"animals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦by divine providence are intended for man’s use in the natural order.†. Charles Darwin – Theory of evolution – ‘Origin of Species’, 1859. The process of natural selection, challenged the Bible, and in particular the Genesis creation story which claims that human beings are created in the image of God, Genesis 1:26. Albert Schweitzer – A pioneer of animal rights with his ‘reverence for life’ ethic. For Schweitzer ‘all life is sacred’, sentient or non-sentient, animal or vegetable. A deep ecologist. St Francis of Assisi – Often referred to as, ‘The Patron Saint of animals’. God has created the world and so the created order reflects God’s goodness and purpose of design and order, animals are a particularly important aspect of that created order. Peter Singer – If a being has interests then they are morally important and should have rights; sentient, self-conscious beings have interests. What matters is not what species a being belongs to, but to what extent a being is a person – fulfils Personhood criteria. Jeremy Bentham Believed that unnecessary suffering was morally wrong, irrespective of the species. KEY TEACHINGS FROM CHRISTIANITY AND AWARENESS OF HOW RELIGIOUS LEADERS AND OTHER FAITH MEMBERS HAVE INTERPRETED THESE TEACHINGS AND APPLIED THEM TO LIFE IN SOCIETY TODAY. Religious beliefs about the status of animals. SCHOLARS * Aristotle (4 BC – a foundation and influence for later Christian thought) -everything had a telos, an end purpose. The end purpose of nature (and animals) according to Aristotle, is human fulfilment Hierarchy of Being, Anthropocentric (human centred), Speciesist approach. * Augustine (4th to 5th century AD). Human beings are superior to animals as human beings are rational, being made in the image and likeness of God, Genesis 1:26. , â€Å"To refrain from the killing of animals and the destroying of plants is the height of superstition.† (Augustine). Hierarchy of Being. Speciesism. * Thomas Aquinas (13th century AD). Influenced by Aristotle’s ideas there is no sin in using a thing for the purpose, telos, which it is intended. There is no possibility of sinning against non-human animals or against the natural world which exist for the use and good of humanity. Hierarchy of Being. Anthropocentric. Speciesist. * St Francis of Assisi (12th to 13th century). Francis of Assisi thought that the natural world, and in particular animal life, was an expression of the creative will of God and was worthy of respect. Patron Saint of animals, emphasised the importance of sentient beings as part of God’s creation. Humanity should behave as responsible stewards to care and look after all of God’s created creatures. Shallow ecology preserving the natural world, including animals to the extent that human beings benefit. (This is an anthropocentric view of ecology – human centred) where human beings have a caretaker role over nature. * Albert Schwietzer (20th century). Albert Schweitzer was a Christian who pioneered animal rights with his ‘reverence for life’ ethic. He was astonished at the indifference that human beings show to fellow creatures on the planet. Schweitzer was a ‘deep ecologist’ who believed that all life was sacred – sentient or non-se ntient; human, animal, plant. BIBLICAL TEACHINGS * Human Beings created perfect, imago dei (St. Augustine). Genesis 1:27. * Genesis 1:28 – Dominionism (to rule over, use, control) â€Å"Then God saidHave dominion over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground.† This was the traditional position of the church towards animals as identified by Peter Singer. * Genesis 2:15 – Stewardship (to look after and care for on God’s behalf) â€Å"The LORD God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.† More recently this is the role taken by the church, replacing dominionism with responsible stewardship. * Genesis 2 – creation story has focus on creation of man and woman (Adam and Eve). Human beings have a soul (animals do not) â€Å"The Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground and breathed (ruach) into his nostrils the breath of life and man became a living being† (Genesis 2:7) * Human beings, but not animals have free will, autonomous, with the opportunity of choosing a love relationship with God. â€Å"Love God, love your neighbour.† (Jesus, Mark 12:30/31). With autonomy comes responsibility, stewardship (see church teachings below). * â€Å"A righteous man cares for the needs of his animals, but the kindest acts of the wicked are cruel.† Proverbs 12:10. * â€Å"The wolf will live with the lamb† Isaiah. An O.T. eschatological vision of harmony between all sentient life. * â€Å"Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies? Yet not one of them is forgotten by God.† Luke 12:6. CHURCH TEACHINGS Roman Catholic Catechism (1994) †¢ God willed creation as a gift addressed to humankind. †¢ Animals, like plants and inanimate beings, are by nature destined for the common good of past, present and future humanity. Anthropocentric, arises out of the shallow ecology approach to the natural world that is the usual the way for Christianity to deal with this area of ethics/moral issues. †¢ Animals do not have rights but humans do have duties towards animals. Roman Catholic Papal Encyclicals Centesimus Annus and Solicitudo Rei Socialis (Pope John Paul II) †¢ Human beings are stewards of God’s creation, not masters of it. †¢ Animals are part of God’s creation and must not be abused. †¢ The Church opposes cruelty / exploitation of animals. †¢The earth and all life on it is a gift from God given to us to share and develop, not to dominate and exploit. Church of England documents: Our Responsibility for the Living Environment (GS 718) and Animal Welfare (GS 341) †¢ Animals have been created by God and deserve respect. †¢ The value of animal life is secondary to human beings. †¢ Humans have a common heritage with, and have an obligation to animals. †¢ Humans are the most efficient predators and therefore must exercise responsible stewardship. †¢ Medical / scientific testing within reasonable limits is acceptable as it promotes the common good of humanity. Quaker Peace Testimony * show a loving consideration of all the creatures, maintain the beauty and variety of the world and show reverence for life. * Quakers have long supported vegetarianism. * Quakers oppose animal experimentation for weapons. * They also oppose the use of animals for the testing of cosmetics. * Most Quakers oppose the fur trade. * Quakers do support the use of animal testing for medical research. The extent to which animals are different from humans and their relative value. Humans are animals. * Charles Darwin 1859 â€Å"Origin of the Species† * Evolution, Natural Selection, Survival of the Fittest. Humans have evolved to become the dominant/controlling species. * â€Å"With all these exalted powers humanity still bears in its bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin.† (Charles Darwin) * Darwin challenged the idea of a designer God, and the anthropocentric view of the world. â€Å"Humanity in their arrogance think themselves a great work, worthy the (inter)position of a God. More humble, and I believe true, to consider them created from animals.† (Charles Darwin). * Many religious believers accept evolutionary theory as a way of explaining the origins of life on this planet, but still see that God’s power was behind the very start-theistic evolution (God the Uncaused Cause brought everything else into existence – based on Thomas Aquinas’s cosmological argument). How can an anthropocentric approach be upheld if humans ar e descended from animals – all are of equal worth and value – deep ecology. Hierarchy of species. * See above. God created animals for a purpose to be of value and support to human beings. Human intelligence versus animal instinct. * Rationality, intelligence and autonomy set humans apart from animals. * Capacity for sophisticated methods of communication is a human skill. * Creativity (music, literature, art) and complex/sophisticated (developing/utilising science and technology) societies for a good and worthwhile quality of life rather than for instinctive survival are hallmarks of human existence. * Most humans protect the weak and vulnerable arguably for altruistic motivations rather than for survival of the species. * Humans can choose to behave morally. * Humans are spiritual beings. However, just because the status of animals is lower than humans many argue for care and respect. * Stewardship. Deep ecology. Animal Rights.   * â€Å"The question is not can they reason, can they talk, but can they suffer.† Jeremy Bentham (19th century). * Peter Singer thinks that if a being has interests then these things should be satisfied, other things being equal. What matters is not what species a being belongs, but to what extent a being fulfils the criteria of personhood:- rational, sentient (experience pleasure / pain), self-conscious, can establish relationships and can communicate. Religious views on animal rights and the means of protecting those rights. See scholars, biblical and church teachings above. * Rev Humphrey Primatt (19th century) argued all life was made by God and any sentient creature has the right not to have pain inflicted upon it including animal suffering. â€Å"Pain is pain whether inflicted on man or beast† (Primatt). The work of Humphrey Primatt led to the foundation of the RSPCA in 1824. * Organisations such as WWF and RSPCA campaign for animal rights so that they may live according to their own nature and not be harmed, exploited or abused, maintaining a dignified existence. * Such pressure groups oppose factory farming (a method of raising animals intensively for maximum economic gain and to produce food at a lower cost for consumers, resulting in the commodification of animals), animal experimentation (vivisection) and using animals for entertainment;, although opinions vary on all these issues. * Controversy exists about vivisection and the extent of justifiable protest on animals’ behalf – SPEAK campaign sought to end the building of ne w animal labs for scientific experimentation on animals at Oxford University, often using intimidation and direct action which was judged by the law courts to be illegal. â€Å"If possessing a higher intelligence does not entitle one human to use another for his own ends how can it entitle humans to exploit non-humans for the same purpose?† Professor Peter Singer VERSUS â€Å"You can’t go to a doctor without having treatment that has been tested on animals – you can’t pick and choose.† Professor Colin Blakemore, Oxford University. * International Animal Rights Day = December 10th annually. * British law protects animals form cruelty and neglect which are criminal offences. * Revd Professor Andrew Linzey – Department of Theology at Oxford university = world’s first academic post in Ethics, Theology and Animal Welfare. Rejects an instrumentalist view of animals as ‘speciesist’; privileging one species, human beings, giving them a unique moral status. For Linzey, animals are part of God’s creation, and have God-given rights, or ‘theos-rights’, and thus have moral status. Religious responses to the preservation of species from extinction. * Genesis 1:12 – Species were created immutable (fixed and unchanging). Dominionism means human beings have used species and their environment for the good of humanity which has inevitably led to extinction of some. However, stewardship imposes a duty of care implying preservation and conservation of God’s sacred, creation for future generations upholding biodiversity. * Evolution teaches that species naturally change, mutate, and die out as part of the process of survival of the fittest and natural selection. Some religious people accept evolutionary theory theistic evolution (God the Uncaused Cause brought everything else into existence – based on Thomas Aquinas’s cosmological argument). * Breeding programmes in zoos have helped to save species from extinction. * Ohito Declaration 1995 – sustaining environmental life is a religious responsibility.

Parkinsons Disease :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Parkinson's Disease Five years ago, she could still show the world her pleasant demeanor with a smile. Four years ago, she could no longer smile, but she was still able to walk upright. Two years ago, she could no longer walk without aid from a walker, but she could still find her mouth with a fork while eating dinner. Eighteen months ago, she could no longer eat under her own power, as the involuntary 'tremors' in her hands flung the food from the fork long before it reached her mouth. A year ago, my grandmother died. She was diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease (PD) five years ago, and slowly deteriorated for four years until her death. She was given myriad drugs, but none seemed to help for more than a month, leaving her in worse condition after the effects wore off. Herein lies the mystery of Parkinsonà ¢s Disease. Researchers have made great progress in uncovering the etiology of this mysterious disease. Before summarizing some of the current theories on the cause of PD, however, it is necessary to describe some clinical observations of patients. Symptoms of PD include "tremors," rigidity, bradikinesia (slowness of movement) and loss of postural control (1). It has been found that patients who show these symptoms for PD have an eighty percent reduction in the levels of both dopamine (a neurotransmitter in the Substantia Nigra) and dopaminergic neurons (neurons that contain dopamine receptors) (1). There are currently four main theories on the cause of Parkinson's Disease: (a) Oxidation of molecules such as iron in the Substantia Nigra by free radicals kill the dopaminergic neurons (1); (b) environmental toxins similar to MPTP (a compound related to the painkiller Demerol), which have been shown to cause Parkinsonism-like symptoms, kill the neurons (1,2); (c) a mysteriously increased rate of dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis in some individuals (1); and (d) Genetic influence, as the penetrance of PD has been observed at higher levels within some families (1). There is evidence for all of these theories, although the most concrete evidence comes from a study that showed increased levels of iron in the Substantia Nigra in PD patients (1). While this study proved nothing, it provided further evidence for a powerful oxidizing agent, such as a free radical, involved in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Parkinson's Disease :: Biology Essays Research Papers Parkinson's Disease Five years ago, she could still show the world her pleasant demeanor with a smile. Four years ago, she could no longer smile, but she was still able to walk upright. Two years ago, she could no longer walk without aid from a walker, but she could still find her mouth with a fork while eating dinner. Eighteen months ago, she could no longer eat under her own power, as the involuntary 'tremors' in her hands flung the food from the fork long before it reached her mouth. A year ago, my grandmother died. She was diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease (PD) five years ago, and slowly deteriorated for four years until her death. She was given myriad drugs, but none seemed to help for more than a month, leaving her in worse condition after the effects wore off. Herein lies the mystery of Parkinsonà ¢s Disease. Researchers have made great progress in uncovering the etiology of this mysterious disease. Before summarizing some of the current theories on the cause of PD, however, it is necessary to describe some clinical observations of patients. Symptoms of PD include "tremors," rigidity, bradikinesia (slowness of movement) and loss of postural control (1). It has been found that patients who show these symptoms for PD have an eighty percent reduction in the levels of both dopamine (a neurotransmitter in the Substantia Nigra) and dopaminergic neurons (neurons that contain dopamine receptors) (1). There are currently four main theories on the cause of Parkinson's Disease: (a) Oxidation of molecules such as iron in the Substantia Nigra by free radicals kill the dopaminergic neurons (1); (b) environmental toxins similar to MPTP (a compound related to the painkiller Demerol), which have been shown to cause Parkinsonism-like symptoms, kill the neurons (1,2); (c) a mysteriously increased rate of dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis in some individuals (1); and (d) Genetic influence, as the penetrance of PD has been observed at higher levels within some families (1). There is evidence for all of these theories, although the most concrete evidence comes from a study that showed increased levels of iron in the Substantia Nigra in PD patients (1). While this study proved nothing, it provided further evidence for a powerful oxidizing agent, such as a free radical, involved in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.

African Initiated Churches, African Independent Churches, and African Indigenous Churches

Protestant churches in Africa with the areas of strongest participation being in Kenya, Nigeria, and Southern Africa.   Most often they arose as disagreements between African Christians and Western Missionaries.   Although many have been influenced by the western missionaries, the difficulty was found in the African traditions being blended with Christianity.While many of them share cultural assumptions, most reject the traditions of African religion as evil.   The growing number of churches can be attributed to the charismatic feel of their religious practice.   For example, they may all wear the same color robe with the same pattern or design on them to distinguish themselves from the more traditional religions.They still demonstrate a certain amount of syncretism and use it as a foundation to bring African Christians together.   In an effort to be identified with Christianity they include â€Å"Holy Spirit† in the name for some of their churches.The premise for th e use of â€Å"Holy Spirit† is that they exist as an intentional act of the Holy Spirit who, they believe, is able to move about and do whatever he wants to do unencumbered by traditions or any other man-made parameters.The role it plays in the 21st century has been one of theological education and church administration.   However, the one thing that causes them to grow at such a rapid pace is the practice of healing and promised protection from evil.They declare a message of hope to the African people by preaching Christian values that include healing and protection from evil spirits, and by so doing they offer implicit theology that appeals to the African people.

Summary of Clarkes Brontes Jane Eyre and the Grimms...

Clarke, Micael M. Brontes Jane Eyre and the Grimms Cinderella. SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500-1900. 40.4 (2000): 695-710. Clarke explores the similarities and importance of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s use of the Grimms’ version of Cinderella within the story of Jane Eyre. She outlines how the two stories are parallel and then skillfully explores the symbolism that is present in both. Through her analysis of the ways the two stories are similar, Clarke concludes that the combination of the Grimms’ Cinderella within Jane Eyre allowed Brontà « to critique and explore societal views and treatment of women as well as question and suggest alternative religious views such as those of a maternalist system. Critics have had much trouble†¦show more content†¦Clarke analyzes the symbol of the hearth which is a central theme in both stories, and as she suggests points to pre-Christian religious symbolism of the goddess or the divine mother. The hearth in Jane Eyre is associated with homecomings and precious caregiving qualities of the hearthkeepers, as well as family, emotional intimacy, intellectual companionship, and even life. Clarke suggests more concisely that hearths are symbols of all that is needed, desired, and inspiring. The hearthfire also contains a potential for devastation and destruction as Clarke points to in the examples of Helen Burns dying by fever as well as Rochester’s bed of fire. Also, Clarke emphasizes that the hearth is associated with domesticity which within Jane Eyre is associated with a resistance to the life-denying principles of a tainted social system and with this spirituality that seeks to reintegrate ancient maternalist principals in C hristianity. Clarke states the in a world like Jane Eyre’s or Cinderella’s where women become competitive and cruel or are swallowed up because it does not value them the hearth is representative of an alternative or choice for life as well as a sacred space. The moon is another symbol of religious significance in Jane Eyre in that it is a